LAB 4 - Joseph Priestley b. 1733 CARBONATION Joseph Priestley b. 1733 When he decided to write a book on the history of electricity, Joseph Priestley met Benjamin Franklin and other luminaries in that field who encouraged him to try the experiments he was writing about for himself. Priestley’s book became the new standard textbook about electricity, and included some of his original experiments and observations. Between 1774 and 1786, Joseph wrote a six-volume book about his experiments on air. He was the first scientist to isolate oxygen, although he clung to an old, incorrect theory about combustion (burning). CARBONATION Joseph Priestley carbonated water using chalk and sulfuric acid. In this lab, you’ll carbonate water using carbon dioxide gas you create by mixing baking soda and vinegar. CREATIVE ENRICHMENT Try this experiment using red cabbage juice (Lab 15) to see how carbon dioxide reacts with water to make it more acidic. As the water absorbs the carbon dioxide gas, you will see the color turn from purple or blue to pink or red. THE STORY BEHIND THE CHEMISTRY Chemical reactions occur when two or more materials called reactants are mixed together to create some new chemical compounds, called products. While Joseph Priestley mixed sulfuric acid with powdered chalk (calcium carbonate) to carbonate water, this lab accomplishes the same task with safer ingredients. Whether you mix sulfuric acid and chalk or baking soda and vinegar, you synthesize one of the same products: carbon dioxide gas, which is more commonly called CO2. LAB 14 - Alice Ball b. 1892 ORGANIC OIL EXTRACTION Alice Ball b. 1892 For graduate school, Alice chose to attend the University of Hawaii, where she became the first woman and the first African American to earn a master’s degree in chemistry at the school. For her graduate thesis, Alice separated out the chemical parts of kava root, in order to discover its active components. Harry Hollman, an assistant surgeon at a nearby hospital, heard about her work on kava root and asked her to help solve the problem of treating Hansen’s disease, which is also called leprosy. ORGANIC OIL EXTRACTION Extract oil from orange peels, and separate it from the juice and water using an eyedropper or syringe. Compare it to other oils in your kitchen. CREATIVE ENRICHMENT Extract citrus oil such as orange oil or lemon oil using the evaporation method in Lab 1. THE STORY BEHIND THE CHEMISTRY Before therapeutic oils can be fractionated into their parts and studied by scientists like Dr. Ball, they must be extracted from plants. One method of extracting essential oils from plants is called cold pressing, which is a mechanical method. Rather than using high heat and condensation to collect oils, the cold-press method requires that plants be crushed and squeezed until the oil is expressed. Then the oil can be separated from the other liquids that are squeezed out. LAB 22 - Ada Yonath b. 1939 RIBOSOME STRUCTURE Ada Yonath b. 1939 To study the structure of ribosomes, first Dr. Yonath had to discover how to crystallize them. After reading about how the ribosomes in polar bears become neatly stacked during hibernation, Dr. Yonath got the idea to isolate organized ribosomes from bacteria that live in extremely cold, hot, or radioactive environments. She figured out how to flash freeze these crystallized ribosome structures and bombard them with X-rays. RIBOSOME STRUCTURE Make a ribosomal model using a stick to represent a messenger RNA strand, bell peppers to represent ribosomes, and candy to act as amino acids. CREATIVE ENRICHMENT Make a model of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, which is the template for RNA. (Lab 19) THE STORY BEHIND THE CHEMISTRY Living things are made up of four types of chemical building blocks: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats). Nucleic acids like DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) contain the information required to make proteins. During a process called transcription, messages in DNA are replicated by RNA strands. These messenger RNAs then travel to ribosomes to be translated into proteins.
✔ Author(s): Liz Lee Heinecke,Kelly Anne Dalton
✔ Title: The Kitchen Pantry Scientist Chemistry for Kids: Science Experiments and Activities Inspired by Awesome Chemists, Past and Present; with 25 ... (Volume 1) (The Kitchen Pantry Scientist, 1)
✔ Rating : 4.7 out of 5 base on (261 reviews)
✔ ISBN-10: 1631598309
✔ Language: English
✔ Format ebook: PDF, EPUB, Kindle, Audio, HTML and MOBI
✔ Device compatibles: Android, iOS, PC and Amazon Kindle
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